Elevators themselves are simple devices and the basic lifting systems have not changed much.. However, the control systems have been significantly modified to improve safety and speed of operation. Elevators are designed for a given building, taking into account factors such as the height of the building, the number of people travelling to each floor and the expected period of high use.
Most elevators use a counterweight equal to the weight of the elevator plus
its maximum rated load. This counterweight reduces the weight the motor has to lift and ensures that the lift cannot fall out of control if the cable is intact. In the hoist drum installation, the hoist rope runs down from the drive drum attached to the hoist motor, around the large pulley on top of the elevator, to another pulley hanging from the ceiling of the elevator shaft, and down again to the counterweight. . When installing the traction drum, the cable goes up the elevator and once around the steering drum connected to the elevator motor, then back to the counterweight. The elevator, called the car, and the counterweight each move on their own guide rails. The other governor cable runs up from the basket to the speed governor pulley, then down to the idler pulley at the bottom of the elevator shaft and back up to the basket. This cable turns the governor pulley at a speed directly proportional to the speed of the car. If the car's speed is too high, the cruise control uses another cable to activate the emergency brake pads, which engage the guide rail and brake the car to a stop.

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